The UNCTAD’s Technology and Innovation Report 2023 examines 17 frontier technologies, defined as new and rapidly developing technologies that take advantage of digitalization and connectivity, which are divided into three broad categories:
(i) Industry 4.0 frontier technologies which include artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), big data, blockchain, 5G, 3D printing, robotics and drone technology,
(ii) green frontier technologies which encompass solar photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, biofuels, biogas and biomass, wind energy, green hydrogen and electric vehicles, and
(iii) other frontier technologies which comprehend nanotechnology and gene editing.